Factors Correlated with Equity Market Risk Premiums in Developed and Emerging Markets

This paper re-examines how three theory-suggested factors affect equity returns - specified as risk-premiums - and how the results differ between developed and emerging markets. Traditional time series or cross-sectional regression procedures have yielded inconclusive evidence on maintained hypotheses about the determinants of equity premiums. However, on pooling observations, our estimated coefficients are much more accurate. Using panel data regression, we find that the risk premiums of developed appear to be affected by variation in the three factors within the equity markets of countries. In the emerging Asian markets, the risk premiums are affected more by the variation over time in at least one of the same three factors.

An Experimental Study on Strength of Friction Stir Welding

Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is a new technology that has shown great potential and promise as a method of joining process, particularly for lightweight materials as they are not generally weldable. But being a new technology as it is, there are not much information or extensive studies regarding the process. Thus, in order to study the strength of FSW, this paper will briefly describe the problem statement, objectives and scope of the project, information regarding the literature review that the author had done in various scopes. Such as, the theory of the strength of the friction stir welding, the theory on the rotating pin tool which include technique and machines use for fabricating the rotating pin tool and, the machine use for perform the experiments and analyze the end-product, the application of the friction stir welding in the industry, and the advantages and limitations of the process. Also included in the report are the methodology for the experimental study that the author performed on completing the project, results and findings during the experiments, recommendation for the improvement of the project and lastly conclusion

Left main bronchus compression due to main pulmonary artery dilatation in pulmonary hypertension: two case reports

Abstract. Pulmonary arterial dilatation associated with pulmonary hypertension may result in significant compression of local structures. Left main coronary artery and left recurrent laryngeal nerve compression have been described. Tracheobronchial compression from pulmonary arterial dilatation is rare in adults, and there are no reports in the literature of its occurrence in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. Compression in infants with congenital heart disease has been well described. We report 2 cases of tracheobronchial compression: first, an adult patient with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension who presents with symptomatic left main bronchus compression, and second, an adult patient with Eisenmenger ventricular septal defect and right-sided aortic arch, with progressive intermedius and right middle lobe bronchi compression in association with enlarged pulmonary arteries

Isolation of a kojic acid-producing fungus capable of using starch as a carbon source

A fungal strain (S33-2), able to grow on cooked starch and produce a substantially high level of kojic acid, was isolated from morning glory flower (Bixa orellana). The fungus was characterized and identified as Aspergillus flavus. The effect of different types of starch (sago, potato and corn starch) on growth of strain S33-2 and kojic acid production was examined using shake flasks. It was found that strain S33-2 grew well on all types of starch investigated. However, kojic acid production was highest when corn starch was used, with the maximum kojic acid obtained being comparable to fermentation using glucose. The highest kojic acid production (19.2 g l-1) was obtained when 75 g l-1 corn starch was used. This gave a yield, based on starch consumed, and an overall productivity of 0.256 g g-1 and 0.04 g l-1 h-1, respectively

Effect Of Nutrient Deficient Media & Environmental Stressors On Microalgal Growth

Research on microalgae has been greatly developed as microalgae are one of the new fast solution‟s to many of world‟s problems such biofuel, environmental remediation, aquaculture and hunger. Microalgae are great factory because of their components that can be extracted and converted into many kinds of product. Every single cell of microalgae is a tiny factory which produces certain useful products. A few of the important extracted product are lipid, carbohydrate and protein, and different species of algae produce different composition of this amount. In order to produce valuable products, it is very important to view algae culture under different environmental stressors to maximize algae production. The studies in this project are based on four different species, which are Isochrysis galbana spp., Tetraselmis batan spp., Nannochloropsis spp. and Pavlouva lutheri spp. The optimum number of cells and kinetic growth of 250C, pH 7, and 24 hours normal light intensity are determined. The extractions of lipid from both fresh and dried algae are done. Different environmental stressors are given to Pavlouva lutheri spp (salinity and photoperiod) and the optical density and amount of lipid content are verified

Architecture as Urban Catalyst: Infographic Design Guideline on Kuala Lumpur Riverfront Revitalisation

In various areas, communities and localities worldwide, a traversing river plays a vital role as the lifeblood of many dwellings and urban areas. Kuala Lumpur's expanding urban spaces indicate a thriving economy. Despite this, the rapid development has led to the construction of many residential and commercial buildings along the river, resulting in pollution from domestic, physical, and chemical waste. This pollution poses a threat to urban waste management, impacting both health and the river's ecosystem. To address this issue, this study endeavours to recommend an updated set of design guidelines for the Dayabumi, Kuala Lumpur riverfront architecture. The recommended guideline will focus on alterations to the river form and build form interventions to achieve the desired results. Through case studies, literature reviews, and observations from developed countries, the study identified best practices for waste management and architectural design. The findings encompass waste management programs and design guidelines covering build form, river form, green coverings, economy injection, and the overall urban environment. By enforcing appropriate regulations and preparing for future waste production, we can protect and revitalize the riverfront at Dayabumi, Kuala Lumpur

Training needs assessment in Malaysia: Exercise held at Kuala Lampur and Kota Bharu from 13th October 1989

Training / Irrigation / Evaluation / Malaysia

Extractive Fermentation Employing Ion-Exchange Resin to Enhance Cell Growth and Production of Metabolites Subject to Product or By-Product Inhibition

In recent years, commercial production of proteins and metabolites from microbial fermentation for industrial applications has increased significantly. Innovative approaches are directed towards the improvement of the conventional batch fermentation method and the segregated downstream processing of target product to improve the overall process efficiency and to ensure that the process is economically viable. Feedback inhibition is a common problem faced during fermentation process when the concentration of end-product/by-product reaches a certain level. The excessive accumulation of end-product/by-product in the culture may inhibit the growth of cell and represses the secretion of target metabolite. In the production of many fermentative products such as antibiotics, amino acids, and fungal metabolites, a serious problem of feedback inhibition is often encountered. Cultivation of lactic acid bacteria and recombinant bacteria is usually subjected to by-product inhibition. Hence, extractive fermentation via in situ ion-exchange-based adsorptive technique is a possible approach to be used industrially to mitigate feedback inhibition, aimed at enhancing fermentation performance. In this chapter, advances in this area were presented. Strategies to overcome problem related to product/by-product inhibitions by this technique via dispersed, external, and internal resin system, and the general methodology in the implementation of the technique were also discussed

Estimating dynamic model parameters for adaptive protection and control in power system

This paper presents a new approach in estimating important parameters of power system transient stability model such as inertia constant H and direct axis transient reactance xd' in real time. It uses a variation of unscented Kalman filter (UKF) on the phasor measurement unit (PMU) data. The accurate estimation of these parameters is very important for assessing the stability and tuning the adaptive protection system on power swing relays. The effectiveness of the method is demonstrated in a simulated data from 16-machine 68-bus system model. The paper also presents the performance comparison between the UKF and EKF method in estimating the parameters. The robustness of method is further validated in the presence of noise that is likely to be in the PMU data in reality